types:
usage
the customary manner in which a language (or a form of a language) is spoken or written
dead language
a language that is no longer learned as a native language
words
language that is spoken or written
metalanguage
a language that can be used to describe languages
native language
the language that a person has spoken from earliest childhood
indigenous language
a language that originated in a specified place and was not brought to that place from elsewhere
superstrate,
superstratum
the language of a later invading people that is imposed on an indigenous population and contributes features to their language
natural language,
tongue
a human written or spoken language used by a community; opposed to e.g. a computer language
slanguage
language characterized by excessive use of slang or cant
sentence
a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language
syntagm,
syntagma
a syntactic string of words that forms a part of some larger syntactic unit
Antido
an artificial language related to Ido
Arulo
an artificial language intended for international use as an auxiliary language
Basic English
a simplified form of English proposed for use as an auxiliary language for international communication; devised by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards
Esperantido
an artificial language based on Esperanto and Ido
Esperanto
an artificial language based as far as possible on words common to all the European languages
Europan
an artificial language proposed as an auxiliary European language
Idiom Neutral
an artificial language proposed for use as an auxiliary international language; based on Volapuk but with a vocabulary selected on the basis of the maximum internationality of the roots
Interlingua
an artificial language proposed for use as an auxiliary international language; based on words common to English and the Romance languages
Ido
an artificial language that is a revision and simplification of Esperanto
Latinesce
an artificial language based on Latin
Latino
an artificial language based on words common to the Romance languages
Nov-Latin
an artificial language based on Latin
Optez
an artificial language
Pasigraphy
an artificial international language using characters (as mathematical symbols) instead of words to express ideas
Ro
an artificial language for international use that rejects all existing words and is based instead on an abstract analysis of ideas
Volapuk
one of the first artificial language constructed for use as an auxiliary international language; based largely on English but with some German and French and Latin roots
substrate,
substratum
an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population
creole
a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages
pidgin
an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages
Chukchi,
Chukchi language
an indigenous and isolated language of unknown origin spoken by the Chukchi that is pronounced differently by men and women
Papuan,
Papuan language
any of the indigenous languages spoken in Papua New Guinea or New Britain or the Solomon Islands that are not Malayo-Polynesian languages
Ural-Altaic
a (postulated) group of languages including many of the indigenous languages of Russia (but not Russian)
Basque
the language of the Basque people; of no known relation to any other language
Niger-Kordofanian,
Niger-Kordofanian language
the family of languages that includes most of the languages spoken in Africa south of the Sahara; the majority of them are tonal languages but there are important exceptions (e.g., Swahili or Fula)